PSG has now won the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.